Background: Parents play a vital role in their children's lives in terms of protecting them from Sexual abuse. Child Sexual abuse (CSA) education improves parents knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors. Therefore, this study aimed to assess whether Sexual abuse prevention programs for parents affect children’s knowledge about abuse. Methods: The sample of this quantitative quasi-experimental research consisted of 108 parents and 109 children. Data were collected using the personal security questionnaire and parental perception questionnaire. The parents were asked to complete the parental perception questionnaire (PPQ) and then received the “Sexual abuse prevention program”. At the end of the training program, the PPQ was completed again. The personal safety questionnaire (PSQ) was administered to the children before and after the training program without any intervention. Results: The parents' ages ranged from 28 to 35 years. All parents held a bachelor’s degree and worked in different jobs. In addition, education did not appear to affect the knowledge levels of the children, although it created a significant difference in the parents’ perception (x̄=4.00, P<0.05).  Conclusion: Education not directly provided to children is ineffective. It is believed that, as primary caregivers, parents who possess accurate information about protection from Sexual abuse can develop an awareness of abuse prevention and inform and support their children accordingly.

Background & Aims: Sexual abuse is the most damaging type of abuse which has been increased significantly in recent decades; so prevention of Sexual abuse is crucial. This study aimed to determine the knowledge, attitude and practices of parents regarding child Sexual abuse prevention program in elementary school and preschool children.Material & Methods: In this descriptive study, 536 parents of elementary and preschool children in schools of Arak, were enrolled by cluster random sampling. Data was collected by child Sexual abuse (CSA) questionnaire and analyzed descriptive statistics using SPSPC (v. 16).Results: The results showed that of all parents, 343 (66%) had good knowledge and 177 (34%) had poor knowledge about the prevention of Sexual abuse of children. Of all parents, 383 (80.63%) had good attitude and 92 (19.37%) had poor attitude toward prevention education of Sexual abuse. Also 456 parents (85.71%) had good performance and 76 parents (14.29%) had poor performance regarding prevention of Sexual abuse.Conclusion: Considering the poor knowledge a one third of the parents regarding the prevention of Sexual abuse, providing strategies to increase their knowledge seem necessary.

Background: One of the serious health concerns is rape to adolescents. It is caused by unwanted behaviors through threats, force and physical pressure. The purpose of this study was to review rape in adolescents and methods for its prevention. Methods: This systematic review study was conducted from 2000 to 2017 in the databases of PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Scopus. The CONSORT was used to assess interventional studies. The evaluation of observational studies was performed using the STROBE tool by two researchers independently. Inclusion criteria were studies published from 2000 to 2017, in English languages, and on the samples of 10-20 yr old. Overall, 202 articles published from 2000 to 2017 in English languages were retrieved. Of them, 154 articles were excluded due to lack of inclusion criteria and 38 articles were deleted due to lack of quality And nonrelevance. Finally, 10 articles were selected. Results: In the review of interventional studies, the prevalence of Sexual harassment and Sexual assault by the means of adolescents’ empowerment and education of self-defense techniques was significantly lower in the intervention group than the control group. In other non-interventional studies, there was a statistically significant relationship between the high level of knowledge and attitude of adolescents and the reduction of risk factors and Sexual assault. Conclusion: Promotion of awareness and attitudes through evidence-based interventions can prevent Sexual abuse in adolescents. Appropriate education programs in schools and adolescent centers to adolescent students and their caregivers can promote healthy relationships and prevent Sexual harassment.

Background: Child Sexual abuse is a major public health problem with adverse consequences for victims’ physical, mental, and reproductive health. Therefore, the study of studies based on increasing knowledge, attitudes, and skills in children is a fundamental necessity and a research gap that can be covered by this study. Aims: This study aimed to investigate the frequency of knowledge and skills of first-grade primary school students about Sexual abuse. Methods: The present study is fundamental in terms of purpose and descriptive cross-sectional in terms of method. The statistical population of the study consisted of all first-year elementary students in Gonabad city in the academic year 2018-2019. The sample consisted of 82 first-grade elementary students who were selected by Cluster sampling. To collect the research data, a questionnaire was used using the questionnaire "What if?" and Wurtele et al (1998). The collected data were analyzed using SPSS.26 software and descriptive indices (frequency and percentage). Results: The results showed that although the student's knowledge about the complete diagnosis of appropriate touch and inappropriate touch was 72% and 78.8% was relatively high, their performance in the necessary skills for the prevention of Sexual abuse was not high. The results showed that the skill of telling Sexual abuse was 37.8%, 18.3% in the skill of doing it, and 11% in the skill of expressing and reporting it. Conclusion: Multilevel prevention programs and strategies, including targeting children with high-risk characteristics, educating young children and their parents about child Sexual abuse prevention, and optimizing the involvement of parents, school, community, society, and government in comprehensive Sexuality education, should be taken to reduce child Sexual abuse among children.

Background & Aim: Considering the importance of children's health and the prevention of Sexual abuse, especially in girls, providing necessary education on reproductive health is a significant priority. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of Sexual abuse prevention education for mothers on the knowledge and personal safety skills of girls aged 7 to 10 years. Materials & Methods: This was a semi-experimental parallel study involving 72 pairs of mothers and daughters in two groups: intervention (36 participants) and control (36 participants), conducted in 2022. Participants were selected from a health center affiliated with Iran University of Medical Sciences that met the research criteria. Mothers with eligible daughters were randomly assigned to the two aforementioned groups. The intervention consisted of six one-hour sessions, held twice a week for three weeks for the intervention group. The control group also received training in three sessions once a week. In the fourth and eighth weeks after the intervention, the knowledge, attitudes, and personal safety skills of the girls were measured using the “Personal Safety Questionnaire” and “the What If Situations Test, ” considering its four domains: (WIST Say), (WIST Do), (WIST Report), and (WIST Tell). Data were analyzed using independent t-tests, chi-square tests, Mann-Whitney U tests, ANCOVA, variance analysis, and repeated measures. Results: The knowledge of girls in the intervention group showed a significant difference after four weeks (p < 0. 001) and eight weeks after the intervention (p < 0. 001). There was a significant increase in identifying appropriate touch requests in the intervention group compared to the control group after four weeks (p < 0. 017) and eight weeks post-intervention (p < 0. 001). Differences in knowledge and attitudes among girls in the intervention group regarding identifying inappropriate touch requests were present at eight weeks (p < 0. 021) but not significant at four weeks. The overall mean score in personal safety skills for recognizing inappropriate touch requests, as well as its four domains—including saying no to an inappropriate person (WIST Say), skills in acting to move away or shout in dangerous situations (WIST Do), skills for reporting inappropriate requests (WIST Report), and informing a trusted family member or acquaintance about inappropriate requests (WIST Tell)—showed significant increases at both follow-up times between the two groups (p < 0. 001 for both times). Conclusion: Education on preventing Sexual abuse for mothers was effective in increasing knowledge, safety skills, and skills for identifying appropriate and inappropriate touches among girls aged 7 to 10 years. Since this study did not show differences in identifying inappropriate touch requests within a short period of four weeks, it is recommended that the content of this educational intervention be reviewed according to the level of knowledge and personal safety skills of girls in early elementary school grades, with careful consideration and extended duration for interventions in this area.

Background & Aim: Child Sexual abuse is a serious social problem which is a priority health issue in many countries due to profound impact on child’s growth and personality. This study was conducted to explain the effect of child Sexual abuse prevention education program on knowledge, attitudes and practices of parents with children aged 6 to 12 years.Material & Methods: A quasi-experimental study was conducted with a pretest-posttest design with the control group. A convenience sampling method was used to recruit a sample of parents referring to Health Centers in Aligoudarz, Iran. Participants were recruited and enrolled in the experimental (n=50) or control group (n=50). This study was conducted using Persian version of “Child Sexual abuse” (CSA) questionnaire. The experimental group received education about identifying different types of child Sexual abuse and preventing methods, focused on the importance of family and the role of parents in the prevention of Sexual abuse and providing self-protection training for children. Different methods including questions and answers, group discussion, lecture, educational film, brochures and booklet were used to educate parents during the four (60 minutes) sessions. Data collecting took 6 weeks after intervention from parents in both groups and data analyzing have been done via paired and independent samples t-test, chi-square and fisher tests using SPSS software (version 16).Results: The results showed significant difference in terms of the mean scores of knowledge and performance of parents after 6 weeks of training (P<0.05).Conclusions: The findings of this study revealed that designing and implementing training programs for the prevention of child Sexual abuse can lead to increased knowledge and practice of the parents but making change of attitude requires more studies. It is recommended that further studies should be conducted in teachers working in schools and kindergartens.

Background and Objective: Child Sexual abuse (CSA) is a very serious problem all over the world with widespread and often unrecoverable negative consequences for victim, family and the society. Significant proportion of victims reported abused Sexually when they were younger than 7 years. This study was done to evaluate the knowledge and attitude of pre-school girls about Sexual abuse prevention in Gorgan during 2016. Methods: In this descriptive study, 56 pre-school girls with mean age of 76. 13± 3. 87 months (6. 34 years), who were chosen through systematic random sampling, among the files of the households with a pre-school age girl from two health centers in Gorgan, north of Iran during 2016. The Personal Safety Questionnaire-Persian version (PSQ-P) including 12 questions was used to test children’ s Sexual abuse prevention knowledge and attitude by interview method. Results: Out of the 56 children studied, only 9 children (16%) knew all three private parts and of these, only 2 children (3. 5%) knew the correct name for all three parts. 80% of children believed that if the perpetrator would ask them to keep touching the private parts as a secret, they should not inform another person. 48% of them did not choose appropriate avoidance responses during inappropriate touching of private parts. 43% of them reported that they do not like their private parts and the appropriate touch of the private parts was not allowed by most children too. Conclusion: Most pre-school girl children had no proper knowledge and attitude about the Sexual abuse prevention, indicating highlights shortcomings in prevention educations at different levels of society.